Here, I have some differing views. Within the Book of Songs, particularly the “Airs of the States,” it can truly be said that there burns an inextinguishable flame—or even比喻为一座永不休眠的火山, filled with intense, passionate emotions that are ablaze with life. However, how does Confucius evaluate the poem “Guan Ju”? He describes it as “joyful but not indecent, sorrowful but not harming, gentle and sincere,” and further claims it primarily depicts the virtue of the queen. I feel that this interpretation forces us to read the poem in only one dimension, which is not right. When you read the poem aloud:
“Guan-guan cry the ospreys,
On the islet in the river.
The modest, retiring, virtuous young lady:
For our prince a good mate she.
Here long, there short, is the duckweed,
To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.
The modest, retiring, virtuous young lady:
Waking and sleeping, he sought her.
He sought her and found her not,
And waking and sleeping he thought about her.
Long he thought; oh! long and anxiously;
On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again.
Here long, there short, is the duckweed;
On the left, on the right, we gather it.
The modest, retiring, virtuous young lady:
With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.
Here long, there short, is the duckweed;
On the left, on the right, we cook and present it.
The modest, retiring, virtuous young lady:
With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.”
To be honest, although there are many mentions of musical instruments in the poem, that fiery passion is still burning within it. How could it simply be about the virtue of the queen? Therefore, I still believe it is an expression of young men and women seeking love. Nowadays, many folk songs of ethnic minorities, including those here in Yunnan, retain this kind of beauty in its original form. Guizhou’s folk songs, in particular, preserve this primordial beauty. Thus, the elements of fu (rhapsody), bi (comparison), and xing (evocation) are all embodied within them.
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